The currentmeter with conical cups is more popular because of its accuracy and efficient working. This device is available in a purely electronic form too which is known as digital wattmeter. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. Fluid flow through the meter impinges upon the turbine blades which are free to rotate. Even though there are several designs of ultrasonic meters on the market today, the principle of operation remains the same. There are different types and models of smart meters, but the basic functionality is the same across all smart meter types. The meter body has a set of blades welded at the inlet, called the swirler. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using different sensors like orifice plate, venturi. Permanentmagnet moving coil pmmc meter movements will not work correctly if directly connected to alternating current, because the direction of needle movement will change with each halfcycle.
Calibration and testing of singlephase energy meter. Magnetic fields and electrodes surround part of the pipe and when. These blades impart a tangential velocity or swirl to liquids, gases or vapors. The meter is provided with a field to which entries can be made for this purpose ct or vt factor. So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. Meanwhile, the problem of the distorted current waveform from loads need to be considered.
The emf consists of a nonferromagnetic measuring tube with an electrically insulating inner surface, and magnetic coils and electrodes that are arranged diametrically on the tube and are in contact. The traditional form of wattmeter is called as dynamometer wattmeter. Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. Industrial flow measurement industrial flow measurement. Principle of magnetic flow meter based on faradays law. Symbol of power meter the traditional analog wattmeter is an electrodynamics instrument.
Swirl meter the principle of operation of a swirl flowmeter is as follows. Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. Fundamental principles of diaphragm meters robert bennett american meter company introduction the first gas company in the u. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Here, the magnitude of the amplifier is not a critical factor, its gain should be large. A graphical representation of the ac wave shape and not just a measurement of magnitude can. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning capacitance, q and c1, are read, the sample foils are then connected tothe q meter cap terminals ai.
Coriolis mass flow meter working principle coriolis. What is the solution for the drawbacks of commonly used energy meters. It was developed at boonton radio corporation in boonton, new jersey in 1934 by william d. Smart meters have the ability to record electricity fed back into the distribution network from cogeneration sources, including solar and wind power installations. The water meter s style, purpose and size will dictate how the meter works. Nov 29, 2014 the traditional form of wattmeter is called as dynamometer wattmeter. A q meter measures the quality factor of a circuit, q, which expresses how much energy is dissipated per cycle in a nonideal reactive circuit. If you have a domestic water meter, it can come in three different models. Apply sound calibrator on sound level meter microphone and verify that sound. Electrical energy meters principles and applications.
Based on the flow of current, the ferriwheel rotates which. It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the crosssectional area the fluid travels through, to vary, causing a measurable effect. This instrument operates on the principle of series resonance i. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous.
Magnetic flow meters works based on faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor meter. For inductors where is the reactance of the inductor, is the. Ac electromechanical meter movements come in two basic arrangements. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs.
When the meter is lowered in water and when it faces the current of water in the channel the wheel rotates. The most common type is more properly known as a kilowatthour meter or a joule meter. The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. How electronic energy meter works mohans electronics blog. Overview of flowmeter models matheson offers a complete line of variable area flowmeters to meet your application requirements. The cathode ray tube crt mentioned in the dc metering chapter is ideally suited for measuring ac voltages, especially if the electron beam is swept sidetoside across the screen of the tube while the measured ac voltage drives the beam up and down. The main principle of voltmeter is that it must be connected in parallel in which we want to measure the voltage. The ohmmeter essentially consists of two coils current coil and pressure coil mounted at a fixed angle to each other on a common axis. C to the pressure coil circuit by means of phase shifting transformer. Refer to the illustration and note that the black wire connects directiv to the negative terminal of. An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to a residence or business. The basic principle of the ph meter is to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions. As shown in the above figure, the wattmeter has two sets of coils.
Measurement of velocity by currentmeter with diagram. Working principle of voltmeter and types of voltmeter. The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by the electric load is known as the energy meter. It has a rotating aluminium wheel called ferriwheel and many toothed wheels. The fluid is then accelerated by a reduction in the meter body bore.
Electromagnetic meters uses electrical voltage to figure out water usage. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram above. Jul 24, 20 a water meter is a device that measures the amount of water being used by a consumer. In measurement technique commonly k 2 is used, corresponding to a confidence level of 95%. What is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. Fundamental principles of electromagnetic flow measurement.
A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. Tds 3032a00 september 1995 magnetic flowmeter fundamentals. The working principle construction, calibration etc. The meter also includes a piston or disc that triggers the motion of gears for recording the volume of liquid exiting the meter. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. In all these processes, accurate measurement of flow is the prerequisite. If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. These meters exhibit high accuracy over a wide range of flow rates, and they are sensitive to low flow rates. Turbine flow meter is a volumetric measuring turbine type. Jul 25, 2018 energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption.
It enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or. The conductivity meter a typical conductivity meter applies an alternating current i at an optimal frequency1 to two active electrodes and measures the potential v. A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. It is used in domestic and industrial ac circuit for measuring the power consumption. Feb 25, 20 the smart meter contains a microprocessor cw a wireless communication sim card, several sensors including rtc i. The conventional mechanical energy meter is based on the phenomenon of magnetic induction.
Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter. Rotameter working principle animation instrumentationtools. The water meters style, purpose and size will dictate how the meter works. This expression applies to an rf and microwave filter, bandpass lc filter, or any resonator. In principle the working of the two types is based on the same theory and can be outlined as mentioned below. How does a coriolis mass flow metercontroller work. What are the advantages and disadvantages of usual energy meters.
Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. Why we do not directly calculate power factor in an ac circuit just by dividing the power with product of current and voltage because these readings can. Utilities are one of the electrical departments, which install these instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator, and other home appliances. Procedure for calibration and testing of singlephase energy meter. This article describes the basic function of a water meter and a velocity meter. So it is a measuring instrument which measures the potential difference between the two points working principle of voltmeter. Energy meter or watthour meter is an electrical instrument that measures the amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. It also monitors water and gas consumption along with electrical consumption. A ph meter provides a value as to how acidic or alkaline a liquid is. Types of energy meters and their working principles. The thermal mass meter measures gas flow based on the concept of convective heat transfer. Oct 18, 2015 ph meter design and working principle 1. The conductivity meter then uses the conductance and cell constant to display the conductivity.
Mar 04, 2020 what is the thermal mass flow meter working principle. Before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. Thermal mass flow measurement this thesis presents a comprehensive static model for a capillary type thermal mass flow sensor for gases using such a sensor, a meter is constructed which measures gas mass flow by means of a bypass arrangement which ensures a constant flow ratio between the sensor and the meters mam flow element. The smoke meter shall have a resolution of at least 0. According to this principle, when a conductive medium passes through a magnetic field b, a voltage e is generated which is proportional to the velocity v of the medium, the density of the magnetic field and the length of the conductor. The computational algorithm applies p v i in real time which is then tabulated over time to produce output in kilowatt hours. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and. An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of commercially distributed energy. Special committees that follow and monitor the level of noise and its influence have been created in every country. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e. The energy is the total power consumed and utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. Note down the reading of two meters in a given period of time, say 2 minutes.
A mass flow meter operating on the coriolis principle contains a vibrating tube in which a fluid flow causes changes in frequency, phase shift or amplitude. Earth tester working principle your electrical guide. All the consumer has to do is to display the card in the front panel of the meter for a time of 3 seconds. Prepaymentprepaid energy meter introduction and working. Both the current and the potential are used to calculate the conductance iv. It also can be applied to an inductor or capacitor at a chosen frequency. Coriolis mass flow meter working principle mass flow meters are the types of flow meters which are mainly employed in massrelated processes such as chemical reactions, heat transfer, etc. Sound level meter sound level meter in a working process excessive noise at the enterprises and the environment may have very grave results and influence the health of the workers hearing loss.
The principles of operation of the variable area flowmeters are described in the vdivdeguideline. A rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube rotameter. May 15, 2018 before we introduce various types of power factor meters it is very essential to understand what are the needs of power factor meter. The flowing fluid engages the rotor causing it to rotate at an angular velocity proportional to the fluid flow rate. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminium disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. From magnetic flow magflow meters icenta controls specialist in flow meters and level control since their introduction in the 1950s, magflow electromagnetic flow meters have become one of the most widely used flowmeter types for measuring wa. The magnitude of the induced voltage is directly proportional to the velocity of the conductor, the length of the conductor. In order to accurately measure the electronic energy used for a electronic energy meter, suitable hardware and software have to be designed.
Task 1 measurement of noise and vibrations by sound level. The propagation time for each direction is calculated by the following formula. Power factor meters electrodynamometer type power factor. Principle the figure shows the basic setup of an electromagnetic flowmeter emf for completely filled pipelines. It is used everywhere, no matter how big or small consumption it is. Gas flows by the heated flow sensor and molecules of the gas transport heat away, the sensor cools, and energy is lost. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts. The basic theory behind daniel liquid turbine meters is relatively simple.
Variable area flowmeter basic fundamentals and descriptions. The angular velocity of the rotor results in the generation of an electrical signal ac sine wave type in the pickup. What is the working principle of a magnetic flow meter. The microcontroller stores the number of units allocated and measures the energy consumed. Working on the same principle as the electrical generator, faradays law states that a voltage will be induced in a conductor moving through a magnetic field. Turbine flow meter working principle instrumentationtools. Each smoke meter shall be supplied with a neutral density. Flow rate and total flow measurement of gases and liquids. The dynamometer wattmeter works on the motor principle. Earth tester working principle construction the earth megger is essentially a direct reading ohmmeter and it has a hand driven generator which supplies the testing current. Inductance and capacitance measurements c voltage source r limiting amplifier dc voltmeter phase detector in this scheme, we measure the phase difference between the input voltage, vin and the voltage across the series resistance.